COM/537 Final Examination Study Guide Essay

This breeding go along go away prep ar you for the lowest Examination you bequeath complete in week Six. It contains physical exercise questions, which are related to each(prenominal) weeks objectives. In addition, reach to each weeks cultivations and your student guide as show references for the Final Examination.Week angiotensin-converting enzyme parley Styles mark Differentiate amongst styles of conference.1.Communicating in a site but detailed style and politely speaking up if you heart demands are unreasonable is a not bad(predicate) apostrophize when dealing with what intercourse style? a.0 Sympatheticsb.0 Argumentativesc.0 Directsd.0 Systematics2.What is an useful mould of communion crop using every angiotensin converting enzyme in the organization as sources and channels for delivering centers? a.0 prescribed communicatesb.0 Gossipc.0 Newsletterd.0 beg release bearing Explain the product line parley butt on.3.The sending of a message from a so urce to a recipient isa.0 transmissionb.0 shamlingc.0 role-playingd.0 discourse4.You want to take in your beat to borrow his automobile. You begin the intercourse by telling him that you made an A on the test in economicstoday. This is an illustration of a.0 intrapersonal conferenceb.0 contextualizingc.0 narrowcastingd.0 skeletal frameWeek Two audience AnalysisObjective Identify internal and impertinent s stickholders for persuasive communications.5.Which narration is inaccurate astir(predicate) Thomas Friedmans the world is flat fancy? a.0 Globalization has leveled the playing field for uphill markets. b.0 Small companies and entrepreneurs have natural clientele organisation opportunities. c.0 Global needs take precedence over topical anesthetic needs.d.0 engineering is a key toy out in globalization.6.The leadership communication style that combines the positive characteristics of multiple accesses that whitethorn change depending on the seat to take effect ive relationship is called what? a.0 trip the light fantastic toe approachb.0 Somersault approachc.0 Arrow approachd.0 Circuit approachObjective Differentiate surrounded by types of audiences.7.Which of the following is an example of thinking globally but acting topically? a.0 An organization sends employees from the home country to work in an transnational course of take apart to better say the needs of that location. b.0 An international company trains local individuals to suffice one of its overseas divisions. c.0 An organization sends its employers to terminology training classes. d.0 An organization creates a special team to manage differences between divisions.8.Ethical approaches to leadership styles of communication imply the teleological approach, which states that a.0 marchs need to be metrical first on short-run effects and then on the long-run outcomes b.0 actions should be judged by whether they are morally rightfulness or defame c.0 actions should be eva luated by their semipermanent consequences d.0 local values should determine unified actionObjective lose it audience scholarships and needs.9.On the back of the Bravo washout detergent package, the manufacturer has print a list of cancer archetype signs. Which level of persuasion does this message illustrate? a.0 raising awarenessb.0 change magnitude lie withledgec.0 ensuring acceptanced.0 changing attitude10. On your call-back interview, you ask to see the area where you go away be working if you are asked to sum the company. This is an example of a.0 determining the incarnate power structureb.0 making initial contact with your colleaguesc.0 assessing the companys commitment to its vision statement d.0 reading institutional cultureWeek 3 Developing the Communication schemeObjective Determine communication strategy based on merged culture, values, and ethics of organizations.11.Your boss ever seems to make the right decisions in voiceless situations. When a major crisis occurs, you know he or she will guide the company in the right direction. This is called a.0 obt economic consumption pullb.0 ethical trustc.0 motivated trustd.0 practicable trust12.Customer relationship management uses information and feedback to a.0 achieve customer enjoyment and loyaltyb.0 enhance promotional programsc.0 build word-of-mouth networksd.0 facilitate sens customizationObjective Select appropriate communication channels.13.A new organic nutrient chisel in has decided to add other brand of apples to its existing inventory. Three major contenders are under consideration. The store decides to hold a food-tasting payoff for its customers to sample the dissimilar brands and to provide feedback on which apples they like best and why. This is an example of a.0 quantitative seekb.0 determination queryc.0 soft measurement researchd.0 hard measurement research14.The actors line that put ideas and materials in the custody of the masses was a.0 printedb.0 elec tronicc.0 spokend.0 liaiseWeek Four interior(a) and External Persuasive CommunicationsObjective Create internal and external persuasive communications.15.Rate of speaking, silence and pausing, and volume and turn over are all elements of a.0 paralinguistic communicationb.0 vocalizationc.0 accentd.0 semantics16.Which is a intimation for effective strategic provision?a.0 Small companies should conserve resources and concentrate on achieving short-term goals. b.0 Engaging a staff employee in the strategic prep process can suffice facilitate workers to buy in to the plan. c.0 strategical planning should be a topdown process.d.0 Nonprofits should not verify on outside consultants in the strategic planning process because these types of consultants seldom know enough about the agencys specific business or audience.Objective intake research to support persuasive business communications.17.According to Gallo (2009), what is the best way to piss instant credibility? a.0 Use slang expression and buzz oral communication.b.0 Be transparent and humble.c.0 ask lofty promises.d.0 Exceed designated presentation term.18.What implement can researchers use to range contact relationships between users? a.0 Flowchartb.0 animal(prenominal) symbol systemsc.0 Transactional communications modeld.0 Sociogram19.What specifically spell(s) out how the organization will achieve goals through the use of specific tactics? a.0 Mission statementsb.0 soft toolsc.0 Quantitative toolsd.0 ObjectivesObjective assess messages for noise.20.Any physical, semantic, or contextual action that detracts from ordistorts the receipt of a message is called a.0 issuesb.0 noisec.0 the environmentd.0 cognitive interference21.Which of the following statements is true?a.0 Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and texts. b.0 Semantics is the study of dictionary definitions.c.0 Semantics is the study of effect of the arrangement of words in a sentence. d.0 Semantics is the stu dy of how words affect decision-making processes.22.Pausing in the process of communicating a message a.0 should be avoided because it makes the receiver question the vectors motives b.0 should be used by the sender as a means of emphasizing the importance of ones message c.0 should be avoided because it often acts as a form of noise and thus impedes the receiver from understanding the context of the message d.0 should be used because it allows the listener time to internalize the message and make it his or her ownWeek louver Evaluating Consultant CommunicationsObjective value the effectiveness of consultant communications.23.According to metalworker (2010), what prevents more employers from using social media? a.0 Technology issuesb.0 Lack of understandingc.0 forbid comments by employeesd.0 Legal concerns24.Sarbanes-Oxley holds whom responsible for effective and efficient financial communication? a.0 Managersb.0 Accountantsc.0 Consultantsd.0 CustomersWeek Six The Persuasive Com munication PlanObjective invent persuasive communications.25.What theory focuses on the contexts that aid or hinder the incorporation of motivation and the integration of behavior? a.0 pretender listenerb.0 discriminating perceptionc.0 Cognitive dissonanced.0 Self-determination26.Before they act, state are more clarified to messages that will help them gather and figure information and determine whether at that place is a problem during what phase? a.0 Selective perceptionb.0 articulationc.0 variegationd.0 Detection27.What is the final stage of the process of behavior change? a.0 murderb.0 Decisionc.0 Detectiond.0 FramingObjective Present selective information to various stakeholders using appropriate channels.28.What are trio components of persuasive messages that should be considered when presenting data? a.0 Message, channel, and the contextb.0 Sender, receiver, and feedbackc.0 Need, cost, and outcomesd.0 Benefits, appeals, and details29.You are go to a conference wh ere a consultant talks about theproblems in IT call centers. As you listen to his problem-solution report and research data, you begin to understand why calls to your customer explosive charge center are not macrocosm processed in a timely manner. You are engaging in a.0 precision listeningb.0 selective perceptionc.0 cognitive dissonanced.0 unwritten thinking30.Following the presentation of data, the decision maker goes through the information touch states, such as com/537 Final Examination Study GuideThis study guide will coiffe you for the Final Examination you will complete in Week Six. It contains practice questions, which are related to each weeks objectives. In addition, refer to each weeks readings and your student guide as study references for the Final Examination.Week One Communication StylesObjective Differentiate between styles of communication.1.Communicating in a direct but detailed style and politely speaking up if you feel demands are unreasonable is a good appro ach when dealing with what communication style? a.0 Sympatheticsb.0 Argumentativesc.0 Directsd.0 Systematics2.What is an effective form of communication process using everyone in the organization as sources and channels for delivering messages? a.0 Official messagesb.0 Gossipc.0 Newsletterd.0 Press releaseObjective Explain the business communication process.3.The sending of a message from a source to a receiver isa.0 transmissionb.0 modelingc.0 role-playingd.0 communication4.You want to ask your father to borrow his automobile. You begin the conversation by telling him that you made an A on the test in economics today. This is an example of a.0 intrapersonal communicationb.0 contextualizingc.0 narrowcastingd.0 framingWeek Two Audience AnalysisObjective Identify internal and external stakeholders for persuasive communications.5.Which statement is inaccurate about Thomas Friedmans the world is flat concept? a.0 Globalization has leveled the playing field for emerging markets. b.0 Smal l companies and entrepreneurs have new business opportunities. c.0 Global needs take precedence over local needs.d.0 Technology is a key factor in globalization.6.The leadership communication style that combines the positive characteristics of multiple approaches that may change depending on the situation to build effective relationship is called what? a.0 Dance approachb.0 Somersault approachc.0 Arrow approachd.0 Circuit approachObjective Differentiate between types of audiences.7.Which of the following is an example of thinking globally but acting locally? a.0 An organization sends employees from the home country to work in an international division to better understand the needs of that location. b.0 An international company trains local individuals to manage one of its overseas divisions. c.0 An organization sends its employers to language training classes. d.0 An organization creates a special team to manage differences between divisions.8.Ethical approaches to leadership style s of communication include the teleological approach, which states that a.0 actions need to be measured first on short-term effects and then on the long-term outcomes b.0 actions should be judged by whether they are morally right or wrong c.0 actions should be evaluated by their long-term consequences d.0 local values should determine corporate actionObjective Analyze audience perceptions and needs.9.On the back of the Bravo laundry detergent package, the manufacturer has published a list of cancer warning signs. Which level of persuasion does this message illustrate? a.0 raising awarenessb.0 increasing knowledgec.0 ensuring acceptanced.0 changing attitude10. On your call-back interview, you ask to see the area where you will be working if you are asked to join the company. This is an example of a.0 determining the corporate power structureb.0 making initial contact with your colleaguesc.0 assessing the companys commitment to its vision statement d.0 reading institutional cultureWee k Three Developing the Communication StrategyObjective Determine communication strategy based on corporate culture, values, and ethics of organizations.11.Your boss always seems to make the right decisions in tough situations. When a major crisis occurs, you know he or she will guide the company in the right direction. This is called a.0 obtuse trustb.0 ethical trustc.0 motivated trustd.0 practical trust12.Customer relationship management uses information and feedback to a.0 achieve customer satisfaction and loyaltyb.0 enhance promotional programsc.0 build word-of-mouth networksd.0 facilitate mass customizationObjective Select appropriate communication channels.13.A new organic food store has decided to add another brand of apples to its existing inventory. Three major contenders are under consideration. The store decides to hold a food-tasting event for its customers to sample the various brands and to provide feedback on which apples they like best and why. This is an example of a .0 quantitative researchb.0 determination researchc.0 soft measurement researchd.0 hard measurement research14.The language that put ideas and materials in the hands of the masses was a.0 printedb.0 electronicc.0 spokend.0 mediatedWeek Four Internal and External Persuasive CommunicationsObjective Create internal and external persuasive communications.15.Rate of speaking, silence and pausing, and volume and pitch are all elements of a.0 paralanguageb.0 vocalizationc.0 accentd.0 semantics16.Which is a suggestion for effective strategic planning?a.0 Small companies should conserve resources and concentrate on achieving short-term goals. b.0 Engaging a staff employee in the strategic planning process can help facilitate workers to buy in to the plan. c.0 Strategic planning should be a topdown process.d.0 Nonprofits should not rely on outside consultants in the strategic planning process because these types of consultants seldom know enough about the agencys specific business or audience .Objective Use research to support persuasive business communications.17.According to Gallo (2009), what is the best way to gain instant credibility? a.0 Use jargon and buzzwords.b.0 Be transparent and humble.c.0 Make lofty promises.d.0 Exceed designated presentation time.18.What tool can researchers use to identify contact relationships between users? a.0 Flowchartb.0 Physical symbol systemsc.0 Transactional communications modeld.0 Sociogram19.What specifically spell(s) out how the organization will achieve goals through the use of specific tactics? a.0 Mission statementsb.0 Qualitative toolsc.0 Quantitative toolsd.0 ObjectivesObjective Evaluate messages for noise.20.Any physical, semantic, or contextual action that detracts from or distorts the receipt of a message is called a.0 issuesb.0 noisec.0 the environmentd.0 cognitive dissonance21.Which of the following statements is true?a.0 Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases, and texts. b.0 Semantics is the study of dictionary definitions.c.0 Semantics is the study of effect of the arrangement of words in a sentence. d.0 Semantics is the study of how words affect decision-making processes.22.Pausing in the process of communicating a messagea.0 should be avoided because it makes the receiver question the senders motives b.0 should be used by the sender as a means of emphasizing the importance of ones message c.0 should be avoided because it often acts as a form of noise and thus impedes the receiver from understanding the context of the message d.0 should be used because it allows the listener time to internalize the message and make it his or her ownWeek Five Evaluating Consultant CommunicationsObjective Evaluate the effectiveness of consultant communications.23.According to Smith (2010), what prevents more employers from using socialmedia? a.0 Technology issuesb.0 Lack of understandingc.0 Negative comments by employeesd.0 Legal concerns24.Sarbanes-Oxley holds whom responsible for effective and efficient financial communication? a.0 Managersb.0 Accountantsc.0 Consultantsd.0 CustomersWeek Six The Persuasive Communication PlanObjective Design persuasive communications.25.What theory focuses on the contexts that promote or hinder the internalization of motivation and the integration of behavior? a.0 Pseudo listenerb.0 Selective perceptionc.0 Cognitive dissonanced.0 Self-determination26.Before they act, people are more sensitive to messages that will help them gather and interpret information and determine whether there is a problem during what phase? a.0 Selective perceptionb.0 Vocalizationc.0 Diversificationd.0 Detection27.What is the final stage of the process of behavior change? a.0 Implementationb.0 Decisionc.0 Detectiond.0 FramingObjective Present data to various stakeholders using appropriate channels.28.What are three components of persuasive messages that should be considered when presenting data? a.0 Message, channel, and the contextb.0 Sender, receiver, and feedbac kc.0 Need, cost, and outcomesd.0 Benefits, appeals, and details29.You are attending a conference where a consultant talks about the problems in IT call centers. As you listen to his problem-solution report and research data, you begin to understand why calls to your customer complaint center are not being processed in a timely manner. You are engaging in a.0 precision listeningb.0 selective perceptionc.0 cognitive dissonanced.0 extemporaneous thinking30.Following the presentation of data, the decision maker goes through the information processing states, such as comprehension and acceptance of the message, leading to what? a.0 Feedbackb.0 Suggested revisionsc.0 Terminal actiond.0 Vocalizationprehension and acceptance of the message, leading to what?a.0 Feedbackb.0 Suggested revisionsc.0 Terminal actiond.0 Vocalization

Financial Careers Essay

What does the job involve? Well, its in truth varied, scarcely basicall(a)y fund-raisers organise special events like concerts and fun runs, ask governments for money, try to give support from local companies and organisations. Most major charities have fund-raising departments, which employ teams of spielers. any(prenominal) of these people do office work others organise publicity, visit companies or arrange special events. Sounds interesting? Tycoon. A wealthy and powerful mortal in business or industry. If you are the independent, creative type, why non start your own business? Lots of people do these days. more or less arent successful, of course, but plenty are j and if you do succeed, the rewards of be your own boss can be. enormous. To become a business business leader you destiny to have an original idea be practical, reliable and well-organised understand the business field keep control of your finances. After that its all a question of hard work and luck, but t hen thats the key to success in any job. Financial journalist. Financial journalists work in three main areas newspapers, radio and television. Their job is to understand whats happening in the financial world and explain it as readily and accurately as possible.Economic journalists dont skillful handle todays news, though. They need the ability to predict future events, too. depart interest rates rise or fall? Will the blood line market go up or down? And what about sell are exports going to increase or decrease? To become a financial journalist you train as a general newsman first. Then you specialise in finance and economics. And when youve done that? Well, if you are well-heeled youll get a job in the media. One word of warning, though financial journalism is a very competitive flight. In Britain, for example, in that location are only 2,000 jobs available.Auctioneer. Two of the best-known auction houses in the world are Christies and Sothebys. The auctioneer who wo rks there regularly sells historied paintings worth millions of pounds. But youd be wrong to think that auctioneers just sell Rembrandts and Van Goghs. Its much more varied career than that. Some auctioneers sell farm animals, for example. Others sell houses, antique furniture or even rock and roll memorabilia (i. e. guitars, cars, clothes etc. , which ones belonged to pop stars). And what does it catch to be a good auctioneer?Well, three qualities are utterly essential a calm personality, a quick mind and (last but not least) a strong voice. Dealer. Dealers work for companies which buy and sell strange currencies, commodities like oil or steel. They work in large, noisy, live, called dealing rooms and do most of their business over the phone and on data processor screens. The majority of them are under 35. The majority of them also earn very big salaries because their work involves huge amounts of pressure and responsibility. You dont need a degree to be a dealer. What you do need, though, is talent, energy, confidence and ambition.

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The more effective apparent movement does make this distinction for students, thereof providing guidance concerning the job of analyzing. Thus, directive verbs must be carefully selected to all the way reflect the tax collectd of students and to be aligned to intended outcomes. Similarly, the inclination of the directive verb must be carefully written. Just as it is authoritative to select the right verb, it is important to delimit the oscilloscope of the object of that verb.As mentioned earlier, de close the scope of the tax helps to avoid the robber of student responses containing ideas that were not meant to be assessed and the b other(a) of extreme subjectivity when scoring responses. How to appropriately Limit the subject exit for a given essay question depends on various factors that require the teachers subject matter expertise and the teachers knowledge of what material was Introduced to the students In the course. Among other things, how to restrict the task can depend on the subcategories of the domain and how they assort to each other, and on what parts of the subject domain wereHow to Prepare repair prove Questions 26- emphasized in class. The following example illustrates the process of limiting the scope of the task for a given essay question. Example of an Evolving Essay Question that Becomes to a greater extent Focused 1. Less focused essay question Evaluate the Impact of the industrial revolution on England. 2. to a greater extent focused Evaluate the impact of the Industrial renewing on the family in England. 3. More focused the role of fathers In poor communities of England. 4.More focused the role of fathers in poor communities of England eased on whether or not the Industrial Revolution improved fathers abilities to forget the material necessities of life and education and training for their children. 5. More focused their children. Explain how the role of a father as provider changed with the Industrial Revolution and whether or not the changes were an improvement for fathers striving to provide for In the examples above, five essay questions are provided. Example 1 has lilliputian structure.The directive verb is evaluate and the object of the verb is the impact of he Industrial Revolution on England. Very little guidance is given to students about the task of evaluating and the scope of the task. A student reading Example 1 whitethorn ask a. The impact on what in England? The economy? Foreign shift? A particular group of people? B. Evaluate based on what criteria? The significance of the revolution? The quality of life in England? Progress in technological advancements? C. What exactly do you want me to do in my evaluation? How to Prepare Better Essay Questions 27 Example 2 delimits the task for students by specifying a particular unit of society in England modify by the Industrial Revolution (family). Example 3 is even more focused than example 2 because students are asked to focus on a s ubunit of the family (fathers) and a specific community of families in England (poor communities). With Example 4, the task is delimited by giving students a criterion for evaluating the impact of the Industrial Revolution (whether or not fathers abilities to provide for their children in two different ways improved because of the Industrial Revolution).

Literary Merit in Bram Stoker’s Dracula Essay

Although it is rather a subjective concept, literary meritoriousness essentially means the worth, quality, or excellence of a writing intercourse to other well-renowned literary masterpieces. In a Constitutional framework, the absence or presence of literary meritoriousness would determine the governments limits to liberty of expression. To possess literary merit would mean that the work is not obscene. The water parting case of Miller vs. California enumerates key guidelines to ascertain the literary merit of a particular text, to wit1) Whether the average person, applying contemporary community standards would relegate that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest2) Whether the work depicts or describes, in a patently impinge onensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law , and3) Whether the work, taken as a whole lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value. (Miller vs. California, 37 L. Ed. 2nd 419, 43 1 (1973))Fundamentally speaking, in any framework, to have literary merit is to have value.The popularity of Bram Stokers novel genus Dracula has reached such endemic proportions that it has been claimed to be the most recognized book next to the Bible. A straightlaced novel with the distinctive gothic appeal toward the macabre, Dracula has undeniably work a classic milestone in horror fiction. Establishing its literary merit however, is a different matter. A check over from The Athenaeum, an influential periodical in Victorian England described the novel as sensational. The review further statesDracula is highly sensational, nevertheless it is wanting in the constructive art as well as in the higher literary sense. It reads at measure like a mere series of grotesquely incredible veritable(a)ts but there are better moments that show more power, though even these are never productive of the tremor such subjects evoke under the hand of a master. (The Athenaeum, 26 June 1897). E mphasis supplied.The unremitting succession of the bizarre, the vulgar and the fantastic, as explained in the review, would seem tantamount to a lack of involution in the higher literary sense. This observation was supplemented by another review of the same sentimentThe plot is too complicated for reproduction, but it says no little for the authors power that in spite of its absurdities the subscriber can follow the written report with interest to the end. It is, however, an artistic mi hazard to film a whole volume with horrors. A touch of the mysterious, the terrible, or the magic is infinitely more effective and credible. (Manchester Guardian, 15 June 1897). Emphasis supplied.As interpreted, alternatively of relying on the intelligence of the reader to grasp on their own the deduction of subtle nuances and take in the various shifts and twists in the story as it evolves, Stoker instantly and unceasingly bombards the reader with an onslaught of palpable and black horrific scenes as if the reader is too untrustworthy and unsophisticated to act up with subtleties.If there seems to be little literary merit in the quick-witted or scholarly sense, Dracula is still credited for its universal allure. The winding-clothes middle Gazette, in a commentary of Dracula statesthe story deals with the vampire King, and it is horrid and creepy to the last degree. It is in any case excellent, and one of the best things in the supernatural line that we have been lucky enough to hit upon. (Pall Mall Gazette, 1 June 1897). Emphasis supplied.The universal allure of Dracula is probably in its resurrection of the vampire lore in a straightforward, practical and illustrative fashion. A vivid and uncomplicated quote from the novel confirms this I shall cut off her head and fill her mouth with garlic, and I shall drive a stake through her body (Stoker, 261). The novels refreshing simplicity is also evidenced in the following reviewHere, for the latest example, is Mr. Bram Stoker taking in hand the old-world legend of the Were-wolf or vampire, with all its weird and exciting associations of blood-sucking and human flesh devouring, and interweaving it with the threads of a long story with an earnestness, a directness, and a simple good faith which ought to go off the beaten track(predicate) to induce readers of fiction to surrender their imaginations into the novelists hands. (The Daily News, 27 may 1897). Emphasis supplied.While Bram Stokers Dracula is deficient in literary refinement, it nonetheless is considered to have literary merit by virtue of the fact that it captures mans imagination. It certainly has value for having the extraordinary energy to fascinate multitudes across time. Ultimately, its worth, quality or excellence is confirmed by its ceaseless popularity.Works CitedBooksMiller, Elizabeth. Bram Stokers Dracula A infotainment Volume. Detroit Gale, 2004.Stoker, Bram. Dracula. London Penguin Books, 1994.ArticlesDracula. The Athenae um 26 June 1897 235.Dracula. The Daily News 27 may 1897.Dracula, by Bram Stoker. Manchester Guardian 15 June 1897.For Midnight Reading. Pall Mall Gazette 1 June 1897.JurisprudenceMiller vs. California, 37 L. Ed. 2nd 419, 431 (1973).

A Sorrowful Woman by Gayle Godwin

A Sorrowful Wo spell by Gayle Godwin Once upon a time on that point was a wife and fuss one excessively many times adept winter even pop start she looked at them the husband durable, receptive, gentle the small fry a tender chromatic three. The sight of them made her so sad and sick she did non compulsion to see them ever over again. She t rargon the husband these thoughts. He was attuned to her he still much(prenominal) things. He utter he understood. What would she like him to do? If you could put the male child to bed and depict him the story around the monkey who ate too many bananas, I would be grateful. Of course, he said. Why, thats a pleasure. And he displace her off to bed. The close night it hap inditeed again. Putting the warm dishes extraneous in the cupboard, she turned and maxim the childs grey eyes approving her movements. In the next room was the man, his chin sunk in the open collar of his favo departure wool shirt. He was dozing after her g ood supper. The shirt was the grey of the childs bank gaze. She began yelping without tears, retching in between. The man woke in alarm and carried her in his ordnance store to bed. The male child followed them up the stairs, saying, Its all right, mom, but this made her scream. Mommy is sick, the acquire said, go and wait for me in your room. The husband undressed her, abandoning her only abundant enough to root beneath the eiderd proclaim for her flannel gown. She stood naked that for her bra, which hung by one strap down the side of her body she had non the impetus to shrug it of. She looked down at the right nipple, shriveled with chill, and thought, How absurd, a vertical bra. If only at that place were instant cessation, she said, hiccupping, and the husband bundled her into the gown and went out and came rearwards with a sleeping draught guaranteed swift.She was to drink a smaller glass of cognac followed by a big glass of dark liquidness and afterwards there w as just time to say Thank you and could you rush him a clean pair of pajamas out of the laundry, it came back to daylightlightlight. The next day was Sunday and the husband brought her breakfast in bed and let her sleep until it grew dark again. He took the child for a walk, and when they returned, red-cheeked and boisterous, the capture made supper. She perceive them laughing in the kitchen. He brought her up a tray of buttered toast, celery sticks and wispy bean soup. I am the luckiest cleaning woman, she said, crying real tears. Nonsense, he said. You necessity a rest from us, and went to prep are the sleeping draught, and the childs pajamas, select the story for the night. She got up on Monday and move about the post till noon. The son, delighted to stand her back, pretended he was a vicious tiger and followed her from room to room, grumble and scratching. Whenever she came close, he would growl and scratch at her. One of his sharp leadty claws ripped her flesh, ju st above the wrist, and together they paused to watch a thin red line materialize on the inside of her pale arm and blab over in little beads. Go away, she said. She got herself upstairs and locked the portal. She called the husbands office and said. Ive locked myself away from him. Im afraid. The husband told her in his aboundingest voice to lie down, take it easy and he was already on the phone to call one of the do bysitters they often employed. dead after, she comprehend the misfire let herself in, heard the girl coaxing the terrified child to roll in the hay and play. And now the sleeping draught was a nightly thing, she did not moderate to ask. He went down to the kitchen to mix it, he preparedness it nightly beside her bed.The little glass and the big one, amber and deep rich dark- brownish, the flannel gown and the eiderdown. After supper several nights later on, she hit the child. She had hit the hayn she was pass to do it when the father would see. Im sor ry she said, collapsing on the floor. The weeping child had run to hide. What has happened to me. Im not myself any more(prenominal)(prenominal). The man picked her tenderly from the floor and looked at her with much concern. Would it encourage if we got, you know, a girl in? We could fix the room downstairs. I exigency you to feel freer, he said, understanding these things. We have the money for a girl. I hope you to think about it. The man put out the script and found the perfect girl. She was young, dynamic and not pretty. Dont bother with the room. Ill fix it up myself. Laughing, she employed her thousand energies. She painted the room sporty, fed the child lunch, read edifying books, raced the boy to the mailbox, hung her own paints on the fresh-painted walls, made spinach souffle, cleaned a spot from the mothers coat, made them all laugh, danced in stocking feet to music in the white room after reading the child to sleep.She knitted dresses for herself and played de ceiver with the husband. She washed and set the mothers soft ash-blonde hair and gave her neck rubs, offered to. The girl brought the child in twice a day, once in the later afternoon when he would tell of his day, all of it tumbling out quick because there was not much time, and before he went to bed. Often now, the man took his wife to dinner. He made a courtship ceremony of it, inviting her forrader so she could get used to the idea. They dressed and were beautiful together again and went out into the frosty night.Over candlelight he would say, l think you are better, you know. Perhaps I am, she would murmur. You look. . . like a cloistered queen, he said once, his voice breaking curiously. One afternoon the girl brought the child into the bedroom. Weve been out playing in the park. He found roughthing he wants to give you, a surprise. The little boy approached her, smiling mysteriously. He placed his cupped hands in hers and left hand a live dry thing that spat brown juice in her palm and leapt away. She screamed and wrung her hands to be rid of the brown juice. Oh, it was only a grasshopper. said the girl. Nimbly she crept to the edge of a curtain, did a quick knee bend and reclaimed the creature, led the boy ably from the room. The girl upsets me, said the woman to her husband. He sat frowning on the side of the bed he had not entered for so long. Im sorry, but there it is. The husband stroked his creased brow and said he was sorry too. He really did not know what they would do without that treasure of a girl. Why dont you cling here with me in bed, the woman said. Next morning she fired the girl who cried and said, l loved the little boy, what will become of him now? and the mother turned away her face and the girl took down the watercolors from the walls, cover the records she had danced to and went away. I dont know what well do. Its all my fault. I know Im such a burden, I know that. Let me think. Ill think of something. (Still understan ding these things. ) I know you will. You forever do, she said. With great care he rearranged his life. He got up hours early, did the shopping, cooked the breakfast, took the boy to nursery school. We will manage, he said, until youre better, however long that is. He did his work, imperturbable the boy from the school, came home and made the supper, washed the dishes, got the child to bed. He managed everything. One evening, just as she was on the verge of swallowing her draught, there was a light knock on her door. The little boy came in wearing his pajamas. popping has fallen asleep on my bed and I cant get in. Theres not room. Very sedately she left her bed and went to the childs room. Things were much changed. Books were rearranged, toys. Hed done some upstart drawings. She came as a visitor to her sons room, wakened the father and helped him to bed. Ah, he shouldnt have bothered you, said the man, leaning on his wife. Ive told him not to. He dropped into his own bed a nd fell asleep with a moan. Meticulously she undressed him. She folded and hung his clothes. She cover his body with the bedclothes. She clicked off the light that shone in his face. The next day she moved her things into the girls white room. She put her hairbrush on the dresser she put a whole step pad and pen beside the bed. She stocked the little room with cigarettes, books, bread and cheese. She didnt accept much. At first off the husband was dismayed. nevertheless he was receptive to her needs.He understood these things. Perhaps the best thing is for you to follow it through. he said. I want to be big enough to contain whatever you must do. The woman now spent her winter afternoons in the big bedroom. She made a fire in the hearth and put on slacks and an old sweater she had loved at school, and sat in the big chairwoman and stared out the window at snow-ridden branches, or went away into long novels about other people moving through other winters. All day long she stay ed in the white room. She was a young queen, a gross(a) in a tower she was the previous inhabitant, the girl with all the energies.She tested these personalities on like costumes, then discarded them. The room had a new view of streets shed never seen that way before. The sun hit the room in late afternoon and she took to brushing her hair in the sun. One day she decided to write a poem. Perhaps a sonnet. She took up her pen and pad and began working from words that had lately lain in her mind. She had choices for the sonnet, ABAB or ABBA for a start. She pondered these possibilities until she tottered into a larger choice she did not have to write a sonnet.Her poem could be six, eight, ten, thirteen lines, it could be any number of lines, and it did not even have to rhyme. She put down the pen on give-up the ghost of the pad. In the evenings, very briefly she saw the two of them. They knocked on her door, a big knock and a little, and she would call Come in, and the husband woul d drop a face though he looked a bit tired, yet somehow this fatigue suited him. He would put her sleeping draught on the bedside table and say, The boy and I have done all right today, and the child would kiss her. One night she tasted for the first time the power of his baby spit. I dont think I can see him anymore, she whispered woefully to the man. And the husband turned away but recovered admirably and said, Of course, I see. So the husband came alone. I have explained to the boy, he said. And we are doing fine. We are managing. He squeezed his wifes pale arm and put the two glasses on her table. After he had gone, she sat looking at the arm. Im afraid its come to that, she said. Just push the notes under the door Ill read them. And dont forget to admit the draught away. The man sat for a long time with his vanguard in his hands. Then he rose and went away from her.She heard him in the kitchen where he mixed the draught in batches now to last a week at a time, stori ng it in a corner of the cupboard. She heard him come back, leave the big glass and the little one outside on the door. Outside her window the snow was melting from the branches, there were more people on the streets. She brushed her hair a lot and rarely read anymore. She sat in her window and brushed her hair for hours, and saw a boy fall off his new bicycle again and again, a dog chasing a squirrel, an old woman peek knavishly over her shoulder and then extract a parcel from a garbage can.In the evening she read the notes they slipped under her door. The child could not write, so he drew and sometimes painted his. The notes were painstaking at first the man and boy offering the final strength of their day to her. But sometimes, when they seemed to have had a bad day there were only travel rapidly scrawls. One night, when the husbands note had been extremely short, loving but short, and there had been vigor from the boy, she stole out of her room as she often did to get more sup plies, but crept upstairs instead and stood outside their doors, listening to the regular ventilation system of the man and boy asleep.She hurried back to her room and drank the draught. She woke earlier now. It was spring, there were birds. She listened for sounds of the man and the boy eating breakfast she listened for the roar of the motor when they control away. One beautiful noon, she went out to look at her kitchen in the daylight. Things were changed. He had bought some new dish towels. Had the old ones worn out? The canisters seemed nigher to the sink. She inspected the cupboard and saw new things among the old. She got out flour, baking powder, salt, milk (he ought a different brand of butter), and baked a loaf of bread and left it cooling on the table. The force of the two joyful notes slipped under her door that evening pressed her into the corner of the little room she had hardly station to breathe. As soon as possible, she drank the draught. Now the days were too sh ort. She was always busy. She woke with the first bird. Worked till the sun set. No time for hair brushing. Her fingers raced the hours. Finally, in the nick of time, it was finished one late afternoon. Her veins pumped and her forehead sparkled.She went to the cupboard, took what was hers, unopen herself into the little white room and brushed her hair for awhile. The man and boy came home and found five loaves of warm bread, a roast stuffed turkey, a glazed ham, three pies of different fillings, eight molds of the boys favorite custard, two weeks tot of fresh-laundered sheets and shirts and towels, two hand-knitted sweaters (both of the same grey color), a sheath of marvelous watercolor beasts accompanied by mad and fanciful stories nobody could ever make up again, and a tablet full of love sonnets addressed to the man.The house smelled redolently of renewal and spring. The man ran to the little room, could not contain himself to knock, flung back the door. Look, Mommy is sleepin g, said the boy. Shes tired from doing all our things again. He dawdled in a watercourse of the last sun for that day and watched his father roll tenderly back her eyelids, lay his ear softly to her breast, test the delicate bones of her wrist. The father put down his face into her fresh-washed hair. Can we eat the turkey for supper? the boy asked.

Pinnacle Foods Ipo

efflorescence Foods Inc. initial earthly concern Offering MACKK Consulting Group BSAD 444. 20 April 1st, 2013 alliance History big top Foods Group is a food advancement play along specializing in shelf stable and frozen food categories. The attach to was formed in 1998 as Vlasic Foods International, acquiring some(prenominal) food-manufacturing brands such as Swanson TV dinners and Open Pit from the Campbell Soup Company. apexs portfolio of iconic brands dates back in existence to the 1800s. The earliest brand owned by raising Foods, Armour Star, has existed since 1867 when Philip Armour founded it as Armour and Company.Armour was the first federation to produce stomachned meat and was once Chicagos nigh important business, helping to make the city and its stockyards the center of the American meat-packing business industry. Throughout the late 1800s and 1900s, iconic brands such as Duncan Hines, Log Cabin, aunty Jemima and Hungry Man were introduced and now are a p art of the cover Foods name. Pinnacle Foods acquired cockcrow Foods in 2003 when the companys health was in jeopardy collectible to lawsuits in 2001.Ian Wilson, a former executive with Coco-Cola, founded Aurora Foods in 1995 using the company to purchase Van de Kamp Seafood from Pillsbury along with several new(prenominal)wise brands. As a result of major lawsuits in 2001, Wilson and other Aurora executives plead guilty to securities fraud for misrepresentation of the companys monetary statements. Jim Smith replaced Wilson as CEO of Aurora Foods until 2002, at which time motions were set in place that lead to Pinnacles eruditeness of Aurora. Pinnacle closed Auroras Missouri offices and moved them to ruby Hill, newfangled Jersey where the currently remain.In 2007 The Blackstone Group, a New York City hidden legality regular, bought Pinnacle Foods for $2. 16 billion (G. S. , 2007). Since then, Pinnacle Foods has acquired Birds Eye Foods, Inc. , adding a mix of frozen and specialty brands to its already iconic portfolio. Industry Overview * Ashley Company Overview Today Fortune Magazine ranks Pinnacle in the Top 1,000 Companies with oer 4,000 employees. Pinnacles products can be found in more(prenominal) than 85% of American households and are leaders in their respective categories, dimension the first or second market share position in 10 of the 12 of the categories in which they compete.Pinnacle currently focuses on growing their lead brands while reinvigorating their foundation brands. Their leadership brands are those with the most potential for egression and innovation. These include brands such as Vlasic, Duncan Hines, and Ms. Butter-Worths. Pinnacle prides themselves on desolelying category breakthroughs with these brands. These leash brands are utilize prominently in marketing campaigns that celebrate their naughty vitality. Pinnacles foundation brands are those that al wiped out(p) a immobile and recognizable reputation in most hous eholds.Families already know and delight in these brands such as Aunt Jemima Frozen Breakfast, Open Pit, and Hungry-Man. Pinnacle strives to chevy the bar with these familiar foods through new flavours and health benefits. Pinnacle essential be innovative with these familiar brands to ensure they remain as usual as they currently are. Financial Overview Financially, Pinnacle has experienced minimal proceeds over the finale year. Net sales increased marginally from $2. 47 billion in 2011 to $2. 48 billion in 2012 and in labor union America specifically, net sales grew a meager 1% from $2. 07 to $2. 08 billion.EBIT was $284 zillion in 2012, after giving effect to $66 trillion in pre-tax charges related to restructuring and refinancing. This restructuring also impacted net fee, as Pinnacle had to redeem $51 million in after-tax charges and was left with $53 million in net earnings. Despite these charges, this net income shows a strong recovery from 2011 when the company suff ered a net loss of $47 million. Total capital white plagues were $78 million in 2012, down from $117 million in 2011. These expenditures include memorial consolidation. A summary of these figures can be seen below in establish 1. edge 1 Pinnacle Financial Statements It can be seen in screening 1 that Pinnacle has a substantial core of acquisition, merger and other restructuring charges. These charges are primarily related to Pinnacle closing facilities in Washington, New York, Wisconsin, and Delaware. A complete breakdown of these expenditures has been included in exhibit 2. Exhibit 2 Acquisition, merger, and other restructuring charges One of the problems that Pinnacle currently faces is their large amount of debt. They have roughly $550 million of a term give that is referable in 2014.This resulted in Pinnacle entering the market with a $ three hundred million incremental term loan last year, dubbed F, with proceeds to be utilize to help repay the $550 million. Pinnacle h as an additional $400 million E term loan that was syndicated earlier in 2012. This loan matures in October 2018 and is covered by a 101 soft call agio until April 17, 2013. Proceeds from that deal were used to issue $199 million in 10. 625% subordinated notes collectable in 2017. Altogether Pinnacle has about $641 million outstanding under the extended term loan due in 2016 (Bisbey, 2012).This is one of the old reasons for Pinnacles initial public offering, as result be discussed later in the report. The balance sheet below summarizes Pinnacles debt obligations as s easily as their assets and equity. Exhibit 3 Pinnacles Balance tag for 2011 and 2012 After playing a two-finger analysis of this balance sheet it can be concluded that Pinnacle has not made any drastic changes over the past two old age. Assets have decreased slightly but that was coupled with a decrease in liabilities by roughly the analogous amount which is reasonable.Exhibit 4 is a portion of Pinnacles fu nds flow statement that helps explain these changes in the balance sheet. Pinnacles cash flows from financing increased 212% between 2011 and 2012, the vast majority of this expenditure being the repayment of debt. By making a procedure of loan repayments, Pinnacle decreased their cash and therefore their assets, while also simplification their liabilities. Exhibit 4 Cash Flows from Financing Activities Ratio 2012 2011 come down on Equity 5. 9% -5. 54% Return on Assets 1. 19% -1. 05% Return on Sales 11. 46% 7. 4% Current Ratio 2. 11 2. 17Quick Ratio 1. 04 1. 17 Debt-to-Equity Ratio 3. 95 4. 26 Exhibit 5 2012 Ratio Analysis of Pinnacle Group Inc. These ratios initial public offering The food-industry sector is changing due to increased globalization, vertical integration, and mergers and acquisitions. This is forcing many debaucheds to wait on to alternatives to debt financing in order to keep up with the competition. The public equity market is a valuable option in financin g the harvest-time necessary to survive amongst competitors, as it offers access to more equity capital than could be attained from other sources (Stegelin & Houston, 2007).With millions of dollars in debt obligations coming up due in the following few years, it is understandable that Pinnacle is having an Initial commonplace Offering to raise capital. This follows suit with research that has shown that as a food-industry firms leverage ratio increases, the likelihood of an initial public offering increases as well (Stegelin & Houston, 2007). It has also been noted that the probability of a food-industry firm IPO decreases with the firms size and age (Stegelin & Houston, 2007). Pinnacle is currently 15 years old which is incredibly young compared to industry leaders Kraft and Kellogg which are two over 100 years old.This could be a add factor to why they are wanting to go public. This IPO will follow 13 other offerings in 2013 backed by financial sponsors such as private-equit y firms. These 13 other offerings can be used to loosely predict the conquest of Pinnacles IPO, as Pinnacle is backed by private-equity firm Blackstone. These IPOs were boffo, seeing an modal(a) first-day gain of 22% and are up an average of 21% from their listing dates. These results are declare in comparison to 30 other IPOs at large, showing an average 15% first-day gain and a gain of 19% from the listing dates (Driscoll, M. 2013). another(prenominal) important benchmark is the IPOs of other food sellers. There were mixed results regarding the success of food seller IPOs in 2012. The health food sector showed personnel with natural food companies Annies Inc. , Natural Grocers by Vitamin Cottage Inc. , and WhiteWave Foods Co. performing well since their IPOs. Annies shares have more than doubled since being listed last March while the value of Natural Grocers has risen over 40% since their listing in July (Driscoll, M. , 2013). On the other hand, Roundys Inc. and Amira Nature Foods Ltd. have underperformed since their IPOs.Roundys is a Midwestern supermarket chain and Amira is a rice seller, both of which are down about 20% from their offerings in October and February respectively (Driscoll, M. , 2013). Since Pinnacle offers processed, packaged foods, benchmarking their success from the natural, organic food IPOs is not very genuine. With state becoming more and more health conscious these days, it is not move that these health food companies found success in their IPOs. Although Pinnacle does stand the frozen vegetable brand Birdseye, they also carry a number of brands that would not be classified as healthy.Of the aforementioned companies, the most reliable comparison for Pinnacle would likely be with Roundys, the supermarket chain. Supermarkets sell a liberal variety of processed and pre-packaged foods, and are the medium through which Pinnacles brands are sold. However, there is still not a strong correlation between the two firms. On March 27 th, 2013, Pinnacle announced their Initial Public Offering of 29,000,000 shares of ballpark stock at $20 per share. Pinnacle also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase an additional 4,350,000 shares at the IPO price.It is estimated that Pinnacle will raise net proceeds of about $545. 2 million after subtracting underwriting costs. Pinnacle plans to use the entirety of these earnings to pay off some of their debt. They plan to redeem $465 million in aggregate principal amount of 9. 25% Senior Notes due in 2015 at a redemption price of 100%. The remainder of their IPO proceeds, along with some cash on hand, will be used to repay $119 million of the senior secured term loan B induction maturing in April 2014. IPO Success Pinnacle Foods had a very successful IPO on March 28, 2013.The company issued a check of 33,350,000 shares of common stock, including the entirety of the additional 4,350,000 shares that the underwriters had the option to purchase. Pinnacle now has a total of 117. 2 million common shares outstanding. Net of all underwriting discounts, Pinnacle elevated $627 million through this offering, which is $81. 8 million more than they had initially anticipated. Pinnacle will couple this money with $40 million of cash on hand to pay down $667 million in outstanding debt. quite of their initial plans of repaying $119 million of their term loan B due next April, they will repay $202 million.Exhibit 6 Pinnacle Foods Stock Performance Since IPO as Compared to S&P 500 As can be seen in Exhibit 6, Pinnacle shares (blue line) seem to be experiencing steady gain since their IPO on March 28, 2013. This is especially positive since the S&P 500 (brown line) seems to be doing quite the opposite. Pinnacle shares have increased from their low of $22. 15 to a high of $24. 61, an 11% increase. References Driscoll, M. (2013, Mar 25). Pinnacle is hoping investors bump hungry. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/13191 82111? accountid=13803 G. , S. S. (2007).Black stone Chows Down On Pinnacle Foods Group. (cover story). elevated Yield Report, 18(7), 1-15. Stegelin, F. , & Houston, J. (2007). Factors Influencing the Initial Public Offering (IPO) Decision of Food dissemination Firms. Journal Of Food Distribution Research, 38(1), 215-216. Stratton, K. (2012). Pinnacle Foods Group Gets 55,000SF Update in Parsippany. National Real Estate Investor Exclusive Insight, 8. Bisbey, A. (2012). Pinnacle Foods Shopping $300M incremental TL. High Yield Report, 23(34), 28. PRNewswire (2013, Apr 3). Pinnacle Foods Inc. Announces Successful Closing of its Initial Public Offering. ttp//investors. pinnaclefoods. com/phoenix. zhtml? c=223400&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1803206&highlight= PRNewswire (2013, Mar 6). Pinnacle Foods Finance LLC Reports stern Quarter Fiscal 2012 Results. http//investors. pinnaclefoods. com/phoenix. zhtml? c=223400&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1795035&highlight= Business fit (2013, Mar 27). Pinnacle Foods Inc. Announces Pricing of its Initial Public Offering. http//investors. pinnaclefoods. com/phoenix. zhtml? c=223400&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1801326&highlight= http//www. rttnews. com/2088372/pinnacle-foods-raises-net-proceeds-of-627-mln-i

Legal and Ethical Issues at Workplace Essay

IntroductionIn this paper, legal and estimable issues provide be discussed in connection with the current, previous and potential future habitability of the soundlyness and galosh of employees, which is currently an valuable issue was the state of each and every country. Estimated mortality, on with the injury shows that a number of companies in past and mortalate encountered several(prenominal) problems as salutary as in the near future, they will a resembling continue in the direction facing the types of ethical and legal issues. every last(predicate) kinds of approximations and expenses related to hiters wellness, along with resort and security that occurred in an organization depicts that sentry go issues were not a anteriority of the conjunction due to this the number of legal issues relating to costs and penalties lot be experienced by companies (Granger 2010).Understanding of Employee health & preventive IssuesIn the current competitive culture to the smoot h surgical process of the company, it is necessary to en true the asylum and security of its employees. wellness and resort includes an important part of do workplace culture. Safety pertains towards travel of back uping fleshly well being of the employee (Clarke and White 2002). Additionally, it also involves risk of accidents involved dueto the machinery, send away and diseases. Security issues towards defending facilities along with equipments from the unauthorized preliminary and also guarding employees at succession if they fuck off been on work. Generally responsibility of the employee health along with safety falls on supervisors or Human Resource completers of the company (Swanton 2005).All these laws and plans for health and safety sport been make by the politics. These rules and regulations made by the government shows that the director of personnel, organizations can help in the coordination of safety programs, resulting in employees aw atomic number 18 of health and safety plans and policies of the company and to conduct a formal safety training, etc. In addition to supervisors and departmental heads atomic number 18 responsible for providing a safe work environment (Employees health and safety responsibilities, 2013). Subsequently to a greater extent or less peculiar responsibilities have been decided by the government and organizations on the part of managers and supervisors which atomic number 18 as followsResponsibilities of ManagersObserve health and safety of employeesInstruct employees to be safety alertLook into accidentsClearly notify regarding safety policy to employees (Lefkowitz 2003)Responsibilities of supervisors/departmental headsOffer technical training concerning to forestalling of accidentsAlign health and safety programsTrain employees on treating facilities and equipmentsFormulation of safety reporting systemsAssertion of safe operative conditions (Hooker 2002)Within the framework of the organizations prese nt different costes to ensure the health and safety of its employees, but all of the approaches do not focus on the contribution of each of the design work and employee behavior to safety. Focus on both of these approaches is necessary to make this regulative approach towards the safety and efficacy (Cahn and Markie 1998). Many organizational and individual issues ar in the management of workers health and safety, which be as follows and should be managed ethically differentwise it can guide the organization in relation to the unlike legal issues.Workplace Issues Ethical and LegalPhysical Work SettingsThe physiologic position of the individual affects the performance of employees, and nearly of the factors that include temperature, noise, lighting, the size of the working area and the type of materials that make an impact on staff working with these factors (Granger 2010).Sick Building SyndromeThis is a situation in which employees are dandy health problems and anxiety be ca design of the time spent in the workplace. Some factors that can guide sick building recognize poor air quality, short(p) ventilation, inappropriate cleanliness, food smell and Adhesives, etc (Clarke and White 2002).ErgonomicsErgonomics is the synopsis of the physiological, psychological, and engineering design work prospects, letting factors much(prenominal) as fatigue, lighting, tools, equipment layout and em stead of checks. This is theboundary amid humans and machines. In such a situation, problems like back pain, eye strain and headaches appear because of the long working hours are spent (Clarke and White 2002).Engineering of Work Equipments and MaterialsAccidents happen apply in the organization can be excluded in this way, by the right placement of unsafe vehicles. Besides the construction of machinery and equipment also operates a key comp integritynt part in the safety of employees, as offering security guards and hide in the equipment, emergency stop pushing and other materials can help flash back accidents significantly (Clarke and White 2002). additive Trauma and Repetitive StressCumulative trauma disorders fall, when the muscles are constantly used to perform some tasks. This in turn causes equipment casualty to musculoskeletal and nervous system. Employees need to check the noble level of mental and physical accent and due to this kind of stress and trauma (Clarke and White 2002).Accident Rates and IndividualsIndividual access to a secure environment also helps to dive accidents. Its generally more than of a nuisance as stimulated due to careless approach staff than on the machines or the employers negligence. The positive attitude of organizations and employers to the work environment and other work outs can contribute to safety of employees, and not some other issues (Clarke and White 2002).Ethical ResponsibilityIndividual access to a secure environment also helps to dive accidents. Its generally more of a nuisance as stimulated due to careless approach staff than on the machines or the employers negligence. The positive attitude of organizations and employers to the work environment and other practices cancontribute to safety of employees, and not some other issues (Employee Health and Safety, 2013).Ethical TheoriesConsequentialist theory suggests that an act is goodly wrongfulness if it leads to the consequences of false or considered revileful by the vast majority of tribe in the community. Consequentialist theory requires paygrade of the actual cause of the law, which include the effects of direct and indirect alike. It also requires the use of some type of rules and evaluation criteria for determining whether the result is beneficial or harmful (Audi 1997).The theory is prescriptive because it is the use of evaluative criteria to guide whether individuals should lead or avoid the act. For the action at law of this theory, there should be a general agreement in ordination to the nature of the evaluation criteria. This theory also suggests that the moral philosophy of each faux pas must be rigd according to the peculiar(prenominal) circumstances without type to the legal or moral standard is absolute (Cahn and Markie 1998).Consequentialist approach and one that is utilitarian, which deals with the work on the basis of good winning or damage with the well-being or happiness as a result of the germane(predicate) assessment criteria. Consequentialist theory, however, suggests that the evaluative norms may be relevant to social or cultural factors.When the consequentialist theory is applied to this situation (employee health and safety) it suggests that the actions of the managers and employers can be unethical if they do not care slightly employees health and safety. From the consequentialist perspective, the ban consequences of the managers actions far outweighed the positive consequences of increasing their personal wealth (Hooker 2002).Deontological theories of moral philosophy to determine the acts that constitutes or may not be based on the birth which led to the duty. On the otherhand, deontological theories do not examine the outcomes of acts. Deontological ethics also postulates that adherence to the Duty set by the social traffic is a moral obligation (Audi 1997). In the approach to ethics is imperious developed by Kant, one of the maxims is to treat others as an end and neer as a means.Pluralistic intuitive approach to deontological ethics adoptive by Ross suggests the mankind of prima facie duties apply to all individuals disregardless of the specific nature of the affinity. These duties include fidelity, and compensation after causing damage, and non-injury to others. These general duties, however, do not preclude the creation of specific duties in a relationship by explicit or unstated agreement (Cahn and Markie 1998). In addition, the deontological theories do not clearly describe the hierarchy of duties when a conflict arises between obligations, although there is general agreement that the duty not to harm others takes priority over other duties.Applying deontological theories to this situation (employee health and safety) requires assessing the general and specific duties of the managers and employers arising from their relationships to the immobile and its stakeholders. The mangers have general duties for workers safety, accidental harms, and other health issues and to make reparations in the event if they are harmed because of the lack of safety measures (Hooker 2002).Virtue ethics postulates the existence of a fixed set of moral rules that an individual can use to determine the rightness of an action. A rectitude is a disposition to suffice in a good or appropriate way to a situation or event. From this perspective, virtue is timber trait. At the same time, virtue ethics has a normative dimension in which it describes the types of responses to situations that are moral or appropriate for all people (Audi 1997). In this theoretical approach, an action is right only if it is the action that an individual with a virtuous character would perform in the same situation.Applying virtue ethics to this situation leads to the mop up that the managers of a firm may be unethical because they did not stand in a manner expected of a virtuous person in the situation if any of the employees got hurt, injure etc. Although consequentialist theory, deontological theory, and virtue ethics have different approaches to assessing ethical behavior in an organization they aim at the same conclusions (Cahn and Markie 1998).The consequentialist theories view the outcome of the harm caused to employees as the life-sustaining factor determining the ethics of the behavior. The deontological theories examine the breach of laws under OSHA and implicit duties as the controlling factor determining the ethics of any accidental events in an organization. Virtue ethics propose that virtuous people would not have performed the acts of irresponsibility and carelessness. The behavior of the managers and employers is said to be unethical regardless of the ethical framework used for evaluating the events leading to the collapse of the firm (Employee Health and Safety 2013).Legal ResponsibilityNumerous laws are contrived to defend workers from illness and injury. Most prominent act in this regard is the occupational Safety and Health plaque that was created in 1970 within the U.S. department of task (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2013). The official duty of this act is to make sure worker safety and health in the United States by working with employers and employees to demonstrate better working environments. (Employee Health and Safety 2013)The implementation of this act had helped in cutting workplace deaths by more than 60 shareage and occupational injury and illness rates by 40 percent. This act had explicated number of responsibilities for employers along with numerous rights of employees that can be used by an employee if he does not found organization concerned intimately his own health and safety (Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2013). From the time of this acts implementation various organization and employers are charged for not maintain with their determined responsibilities.Employer Responsibilities under OSHAUnder this act pastime are the duties and responsibilities of employer towards their employees health and safetyMeet with general duty obligation to offer a workplace free from documented hazards that are inducing or are potential to induce death or serious physical harm to employees and follow with standards, rules and regulations issued under the act.Define yourself and your staff with mandatory OSHA standards and make copies useable to staff for reconsideration upon request.Continuous assessment of workplace conditions to ensure that they meet with appropriate standards.Minimize and reduce safety and h ealth endangerments.Ensure that employees have and use safe tools and equipments.Offer medical examinations whenever required by OSHA standards.These are some peculiar responsibilities of employers along with number of other responsibilities. (Employee Health and Safety 2013)Employee Rights under OSHAUnder OSHA rules, employees have a right to know about the hazards to which they may be exposed at work. In addition to this employees have a right to seek a safe workplace without care of punishment. The right is spelled out in section 11(c) of the act and all employees are covered except workers who are self employed and public employees in state and local government. This law also delineates that employers should not punish or discriminate against workers for exercising complaining and filing safety and health grievances.This tiny discussion of employee health and safety concerned act OSHA depicts that it is necessary to manoeuver and employers to adhere to their responsibilities and only they can be charged and directed in a number of other issues that would cause damage to its image as well (Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2013).In addition to OSHA other acts efforts in this regard are Workers Compensation right (Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2013). The law deals with all accidental injuries and occupational diseases and during the growing and compass work. This involves a disease or injury resulting from such injuries. In general, this law does not offer compensation for any of the following conditionsMental or nervous injury due to stressthither is a work-related condition that causes the employee to have a fear or nauseate of another individual race, color or national origin, religion, sex and age. disorder and suffering from the condition (Employee Health and Safety 2013).Under this law, the employer can be hurt worker litigation to bring about the incident cannot be injured worker litigation employer to injury. This tr ade-off of this law makes it possible to injured workers to receive immediate medical care, at no cost to the injured worker, without any thinking about who was at fault, the employer or the employee. In the complaisant law is the perception that the negligence must be demonstrated through litigation before any compensation is awarded (Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2013).RecommendationsOrganizations should work to improve the welfare of employees and, therefore, should be trouble-free. Terms of health, safety, and security are closely related to each other. Health was the general state of well being. This notonly allows for the physical well being selected, however, also along with his healthy mind and body. It is believed that every organization should take care of the physical parameters of the work in which its employees work otherwise it can lead to a number of ethical and legal issues. Due to the legal act one can confer that each and every organization should follow with their ethical responsibility towards employees health and safety as they are also a vital part of the country and society from which it also belongs.ConclusionIn the end, of the detailed discussion of ethical and legal issues in regard to employee health and safety we can conclude that organizations can avoid all these issues if they manage it with all-inclusive efforts from the time to employee hiring to his performance at workplace. If an organization abides with the established rules and regulations it will achieve immense success in the maintenance of employee health and safety. espousal of appropriate laws and acts along with appropriate implementation of essential programs can allow for an organization with effective approach to manage and handle employees health and safety.ReferencesAudi, R. (1997). virtuous knowledge and ethical character. New York Oxford University Press.Cahn, S. & Markie, P. (1998). Ethics History, theory, and contemporary issues. New York Oxford University Press.Hooker, B. (2002). example code, real world A rule-consequentialist theory of morality. New York Oxford University Press.Lefkowitz, J. (2003). Ethics and value in industrial organization psychology. Mahwah NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Swanton, C. (2005). Virtue ethics A pluralistic view. Oxford OxfordUniversity Press.Hughes, Phil and Ferrett, Ed (2009) Introduction to Health and Safety at Work. taylor & francis 4 editionJane Clarke Alex White (2002) A guide to good employment practice in the community & voluntary sector. Dublin Combat Poverty Agency.Granger, Lisa (2010) outstrip Practices in Occupational Health, Safety, Workers Compensation and Claims Management for Employers Assisting Employers in Navigating The Road to set. Universal PublishersEmployee Health and Safety. (2013). Retrieved from http//www.wbcsdcement.org http//www.wbcsdcement.org/index.php/key-issues/health-and-safetyOccupational Safety and Health Administration. (2013). Retrieved from h ttp//www.osha.gov http//www.osha.gov/

Mozart Piano Sonata No. 3

In B flat major and the third base of the set Mozart composed, the Piano Sonata (K. 281) opens with an Allegro in sonata form. Almost immediately afterward the restatement of the four-measure theme begins, Mozart moves away from the tonic toward the dominant, F major. An insistent repeated-note figure is the chief(prenominal) feature of the secondary theme, which quickly gives way to a trilled shutting motive. After a harmonically daring development section we fancy one of Mozarts most predictable inspections, tracing the exposition in copious and resolving everything to the tonic forward closing without a coda.Marked andante amoroso, the slow movement is in sonata form with a brief development. A large leap at the beginning of the secondary theme contrasts with the go scale that makes up the introductory theme. Trills and sudden dynamic contrasts inject colour into an otherwise serene atmosphere that pervades the entire movement. As in the Allegro, the recapitulation foll ows exactly the path of the exposition, except for the modifications necessary to remain in the tonic, E flat major.The movement closes without a coda. The concluding Rondeau (or rondo is infused with elements of sonata form. The first end (section B) is on the dominant, F major, thus preparing the way for the first (and unaccompanied partial) return of the rondo theme. In the manner of a recapitulation, this same episode returns nearly in full and resolved to the tonic just before the last statement of the rondo and the close of the movement.

BreadTalk Group Limited Essay

The BreadTalk throng Limited has rapidly worldwideized into 16 countries much(prenominal) as capital of Singapore, china, Hong Kong, South Korea and the Middle East(http//www. breadtalk. com/our notice-bt. html Our Presence,2012). It is well known for its bakehouse, restaurant and food atrium, and this compromises of BreadTalk, Toast Box, The Icing Room, clamour Tai Fung, RamenPlay, Carls Jr China, and pabulum Republic. Being founded in 2000, the young company has achieved numerous awards which includes the Singapore prestige Brand Award in 2011(http//www. breadtalk. com/ cross out-accolades. tml Brand Accolades, 2012).The stem has a international vane of over 400 bakery outlets, with a strength of much than 6000 employees, as well as operating 11 Michelin Star Din Tai Fung restaurants in Singapore and Thailand, and over 30 award pleasing aliment Republic food atriums in Singapore, PRC, Hong Kong and Malaysia. The household brand is founded by the Chairman George Quek Me ng Tong, who was appointed to the board in 2003, and re-elected in 2010. Being in truth experience in food and beverage persistence since 1982(http//www. breadtalk. com/board-of-directors. tml, Chairman,2012), he started the bakery business with BreadTalk Private Limited and bought it to list on the Singapore transmute Limited in 2003.The separate made an average r up to nowue of $333, 000, 000 and a profit of $11, 450, 000 between 2010 and 2011. With an avail commensurate financial asset of $911, 000 at the give up of 2011, the BreadTalk Group has a promising future, with the addition of rapid result of franchising network in Asia Pacific region (http//www. breadtalk. com/franchising. html, our presence, 2012). Today, giving medications and firms have to keep changing and adapting to the global shift (R .Gomez-Mejia, 2012, page 56) to stay competitive in the industry. And this is because the general surroundings is always moving, and these dimensions Demographic, economic, political or legal, sociocultural, technological and global always influences the industry and firms.These segments atomic number 18 uncontrollable and thus, in order to stay competitive, the BreadTalk Group gathers study required to realize individually segments and plan a dodge that potbelly be implemented to tackle milieual changes like demographics in China, global consumer preference, threat of hot entrant, nd cogitate across cultures. In recent years, firms argon venturing into Chinas food market due to its huge race of least 6. 8 billion (Worldbank, 2012) , and is seen as a driver of growth for BreadTalk Group.In Boston Consulting Groups Growth-Sh be Matrix (R. Gomez-Mejia,2012 page 235), BreadTalk Group is a Star that earnings is growingly stable and high-pitched, with cash flow that is non negative. And thus, is to invest and grow. By purchasing an existing presence in China, fare Republic, BreadTalk was able to reap benefits from low setup apostrophize, a s well as to observe the consumers behaviors in China.Up to date, BreadTalk has already spread into 32 cities of China, and outnumbers Singapore with 20 food courts, 3 Carls Jr fast food restaurants, 3 Ramen Play restaurants, and 184 Bakery outlets. The BreadTalk Group plans to grow aggressively in the market as China currently accounts for about a third of BreadTalks revenue (Themalaysian insider, 2010), and by establishing most of its presence in Beijing and Shanghai, BreadTalk has took good of the rising income which led to higher expenditure in consumers.Thus, the demographic environment of China, has boost BreadTalk Groups revenue, as well as organism a large market for it to expand, unlike in Singapore where brands are in truth saturated . The BreadTalk Group tackles global consumer tastes and preferences very well even though it changes as time goes by. It has a very strong brand and has a very standardized layout.For example, for each one BreadTalk is designed with the sa me clearly glass concept, and see through kitchens which conveys their bakery as fresh and exquisite while Food Republic holds a more nostalgic name of a Chinese village and Toast Box is designed with a more warm atmosphere of local Nanyang coffee shops in the 60s and 70s(http//www. breadtalk. com/ourbrand-tb. html, our brands 2012). Thus, by standardizing the layouts of the brands in BreadTalk Group, the Group has saved cost on the tedious carry out of customizing to local conditions as well as creating a strong brand through its unique layouts.Although the BreadTalk Group holds a very strong branding, the barriers to creation to food and beverage industry is very low. And thus, the threat of new entrants is very high as they arse threaten the market share. Likewise in BreadTalk, existing competitors such as Bengawan Solo, Crystal Jade My Bread, Imperial Kitchen, as well as many neighborhood bakery stores that are laid all over the countries, shows a threat to BreadTalk as they are share the same market of consumers.Being a big company, BreadTalk faces risk of new entrants as new comer can learn from existing companies and take a similar or even a better concept. With an supererogatory competitor, unless the demand for BreadTalk bakery adds, the revenue will fall. Thus, it is very important for BreadTalk Group to keep innovating and moving to survive against many competitors. Lastly, the management across cultures is too an environmental factor that affects BreadTalk Group as it shapes the consumers preferences and tastes.For example, the highest selling bun in BreadTalk is the Pork Floss Bun( http//www. breadtalk. com/franchising. html,more bread business, 2012), however in Malaysia, the Moslem law does not allow Malays to consume pork, and thus, it is taken out of the choices. BreadTalk overly follow themes and trends in countries, like creating the Obunma bun during Obamas elections, and the Peace giant panda Buns after the Sichuan earthqua ke in 2008, to raise social understanding to donate and help the affected people in the earthquake.Through connecting to cultures of diametrical country, the BreadTalk Group not only holds a social responsible frontier, it alike caters to the taste and preferences of different cultures and thus, able to attract many consumers. Besides the higher up factors, economic and cultural environment affects the business in BreadTalk Group as well. BreadTalk Group is now facing the rising of labor cost and rising prices in China, and these are unpredictable to how much it will affect the profits.With the cost of goods sold attributing to nearly 30% of gross sales(http//breadtalk. istedcompany. com/financials. html, financials 2012), an inflation will cause an increase in the cost of goods sold nearer to its gross margins. Likewise in China, the government has gradually increased wages and might continue to do so. And this will increase the expenses of BreadTalk Group, leading to a decr ease in the profits. Although many companies could retrench, but BreadTalk Group ask the human capital and thus, could only aline its raw materials cost by buying forward, and negotiating contracts in bulk and and so purchase at the best price available.By doing so, the cost of sales would be reduced and the Group will be more efficient. The BreadTalk Group holds a low power distance, goals achieving culture, and uses a justice approach. For example, BreadTalk strives to have high and consistent standards of products to their customers. Employees will under-go hands on training on conglomerate outlets to arrange sure that they have a formal entrance to the organization and thus, would not face a cultural shock(R. Gomez-Mejia, 2012 page 66). BreadTalk also emphasizes on team-building by organizing team building trips and activities for its employees.By doing so, employees will interact and understand each other, as well as building bonds that enhances teamwork, boosting effecti veness of the team. In BreadTalk, employees are also encourages to think uniquely and are treated fairly, and thus, managers are required to develop a service culture and all these are to achieve an increase customers loyalty. Planning is essential for a company and this is one of the four management functions. Through planning, BreadTalk is able to make action plans on how to expand further into China, as well as allocating its resources to different regions.Through the experience of Food Republic in PRC, BreadTalk was able to capture consumer trends and thus, making use of the core competencies of knowing how to make bakery that attracts PRC nations. Planning is beneficial to BreadTalk as it can excess the outer forces as mentioned above, as well as develop a sense of direction and purpose of innovation in both managers and employees. One order of planning is the SWOT analysis, which allows BreadTalk to see its strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats. However, planning ha s to be continuous and overt of adapting to change.And this can be seen in BreadTalk taking a major knowledgeable review of paving a future growth, by dividing into 3 divisions Bakery, Food Atrium, and Restaurants, and inviting 3 new CEOs(http//www. breadtalk. com/message-shareholder. html, consolidating long term growth, 2012) to handle each division. With such willingness to change, the senior management would function more effectively. Forward planning can also be seen in the upcoming headquarters of BreadTalk Group in Paya Lebar Singapore, which will involve all its brands, logistics, training center, departments, and a common primer coat for staff all over the world to gather at.BreadTalk Group holds a geographical organization which allows the Group to focus on customer needs that may vary by geographic region of Asean region and China region. And then its further diversify into Bakery, Food Atrium and Restaurants. Through this method, the senior management bench will be d eepened, and thus, it can strengthen the strategic focus of BreadTalk Group and allow it to execute plans more effectively. All brands under each segment will be managed in totality.This also provides the platform for each brand to be specially positioned based on its unique brand strategy and especially in view of expansion into the region. One of the strategy that BreadTalk Group holds is sharing the set up cost. This can be seen in NEX Serangoon Singapore, whereby a few brands are set up together in a high human traffic area. Thus, competitors can be minimized, as well as saving cost by renting locations in bulk.

Question: Discounted Cash Flow

Exam 2 Part 2 Answer each EIGHT of the ten questions. Each question is worth 5 points. reach your answers to me by 1159 PM Sunday 11 November 2012 1. A number of publicly traded firms pay no dividends yet investors are involuntary to buy shares in these firms. How is this possible? Does this violate our basic principle of farm animal valuation? Explain. Our basic principle of credit line valuation is that the take to be of a share of stock is simply equal to the present value of on the whole of the expected dividends on the stock.According to the dividend yield model, an asset that has no expected gold flows has a value of zero, so if investors are willing to purchase shares of stock in firms that pay no dividends, they evidently expect that the firms will take off paying dividends at some point in the future. 2. Explain why some bond investors are subject to liquidity gamble, fail risk, and/or taxability risk. How does each of these risks affect the yield of a bond? Liqu idity problems last in thinly traded bonds making some bonds difficult to sell at their actual value. Default risk is the likelihood the corporation will default on its bond obligations.Taxability risk reflects the fact that some bonds are taxed poorly compared to others. If any of these risks exist, investors will require compensation by demanding a gritty yield. 3. The discussion of asset pricing in the text suggests that an investor will be indifferent between two bonds which have equal yields to maturity as long as they have equivalent default risk. Can you look at of any real-world factors which might make a given investor prefer wiz of these bonds over the other? 4. Why do corporations issue 100-year bonds, knowing that kindle rate risk is highest for very long-term bonds?How does the interest rate risk affect the issuer? Treasury bonds make great safe, long-term investments, but is in that posture any point in Why would the Fed consider put out a bond with a 100-year maturation, are backed by the U. S. establishment and typically have a very slim risk of default. 5. The securities industry value of an investment project should be viewed as the sum of the step NPV and the value of managerial options. Explain three different real or managerial options that management may have, what they are, and how they would influence market value. 6. Explain the drill of real and nominal discount rates in discounting money flows.Which is use more often and why? Discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis is a method of valuing a project, company, or asset using the concepts of the time value of money. All future cash flows are estimated and discounted to give their present value (PVs) the sum of all future cash flows, both incoming and outgoing, is the dismiss present value (NPV), which is taken as the value or footing of the cash flows in question. Using DCF analysis to compute the NPV takes as stimulus cash flows and a discount rate and gives as output a h urt the opposite process taking cash flows and a price and inferring a discount rate, is called the yield.Discounted cash flow analysis is widely utilize in investment finance, real estate development, and corporate financial management. 7. canvass two firms with the same P/E ratio. Explain how one could be described as expensive compared to the other. 8. Explain how important a firms growth is by creating an example of a growth and no-growth stock. 9. Everything held constant, would you rather depreciate a project with straight-line depreciation or with MACRS? 10. A local desire is contemplating fountain a new branch bank in a full-grown superstore across town from their main office.It is estimated that the new branch will impart $20,000 after expenses each month. The manager wonders if all these revenues should be considered an incremental cash flow. Given this information, explain which of the following statements is correct. A. $20,000 is generated by the new branch bank and therefore it is an incremental cash flow. B. We would first need to assess the probability cost of placing a branch in a different location to answer this question. C. Some get along less than the $20,000 is incremental because of substitutionary effects. D. Some amount less than the $20,000 is incremental because of complementary effects.

Comparison Between Macbeth and Banquo’s Response

Macbeth and Banquos reaction to the fortune telling told to them by the catchs gave way for twain opposing opinions on both the validity and manifesting of the forecasting. Although their opinions throughout the unveiling of the forecasting were opposing throughout, at all times they both rendered the prophecy in contrastive ways, whether they contemplated on its benefit or hindrance towards their gleaming future. solely hail, Macbeth, that shalt be baron here aft(prenominal) Great fear was shown on Macbeths face suggesting he was very hesitant toward the idea of him becoming King.However Banquo was overmuch more optimistic healthy-nigh the words of the jinxs, questioning Macbeth, why do you start and seem to fear things that do sound so fair? Macbeth is still in shock which gives time for Banquo to question the trances about his future. He became quite intrigued by what the witchs had told Macbeth so he could not withhold the opportunity to be acquaint with his childre ns faith and discover which grain lead grow and which bequeath not. Banquo seemed to be quite optimistic in his willness to indulge in the witchs prophecies. Stay you imperfect plowers, tell me more This portrays to us that Macbeth has now break down fond of the prophecy and is thirsts to know more about his future. As Macbeth continues to cry out for the witchs return after their abrupt disappearing, he cries out Would they had stayed It now drop deads apparent that Macbeth is engulfed in what the witches harbor told both him and Banquo. Suddenly Banquo begins to revisit the whole situation and begins to speculate if the absolute ordeal actually occurred. Or withstand we eaten on the insane etymon that takes the reason prisoner? he continues to question the possibility that they could be hallucinating. This is the stock of Banquos now hesitance towards indulging in the witchs prophecies, and Macbeths now apparent obsession with the witchs prophecy. Macbeth attempts to deport Banquo by regurgitating the witchs prophecy and re estimationing Banquo that his children shall be kings. And what better could Banquo have replied to Macbeth with to continue to hold Macbeth prisoner to the prophecy other than You shall be king.It is now seen that the tides have shifted, and Macbeth is now very much engulfed in the prophecy, as Macbeth discovers that a portion of the prophecy has been fulfilled with the title Thane of Cawdor being determined unto him. As Macbeth continues to be animated about the possibility of the entire prophecy being fulfilled, Banquo becomes hesitant towards the prophecy. It is this speech by Banquo that defines his reasons for being so materialistic in his reaction to the prophecy. oftentimes to win us to our harm the instruments of unfairness tell us truths, win us with honest trifles, to betrays in deepest consequence. This speech portrays Banquos new embed reluctance towards the witchs forecast of the future. He now sees what Mac beth is blind too, the possibility of intimacy becoming more harmful to the men rather than helpful in Macbeths want for more, particularly pertaining to him becoming King. As Macbeth begins to weigh the prophecy against logic and the now present, he accepts the accompaniment that if two truths are told, as happy prologues to the swelling act of the imperial theme. Macbeth is now beginning to bust that if portions of the prophecy are being fulfilled as the witchs had said, it is only a matter of time before he shall become king. As Macbeth continues to be engulfed by what will be his future downfall, he assumes that all of his new found fortune Cannot be ill, cannot be proper. Macbeth begins to wonder if the prophecy is so good, then why is it now that he is considering killing Duncan in order to receive the throne.And sadly he is willing to do whatever he believes it takes to become, whole being unaware to the fact that he did not have to intervene in order for him to become T hane of Cawdor as the witchs had prophesised. Come what come may Macbeth says, proposing that he is willing to kill Duncan if necessary. It was clear that before scrutinizing the prophecy Banquo was much arouse by the witches foretelling of the future, but after close examination he became tentative towards him possibly becoming a victim of the new found knowledge.Sadly it is very apparent that Macbeth is now engulfed in his plans to becoming King using any means necessary. What makes it so unfortunate is that he doesnt consummate it, Think upon what hath chanced, and at more time, the interim having weighed it, let us speak our free hearts to each other , he says this not realizing that his mind is already made up on the fact that he will stop at nothing to gain the crown.Banquos hesitance towards the witches is well justified in the fact that witches seldom inform us completely on the future, leaving us to pursue and conclude the fantasy with our devilishly wishes. Both Banqu o and Macbeth share their reasons in an attempt to justify their reaction towards the witchs speech, but it is apparent that Macbeth is engulfed by greed and his wishes to become King.

Public Private Partnerships Vasco da Gama Bridge in Portugal

Better usage of regional and municipal shore up use devises in the in store(predicate). Conclusion Even though the pouch did not reach its original goal, it had a heavy(p) impact on regional development. The Visas common address system da da da Gamma Bridge is a six highway brace that spans the Tags River in capital of Portugal, Portugal. It is the bimestrial twosome in Europe and has a life expectancy of 120 yrs. Its characteristics are described in the fudge here below Official name Point Visas popping Gamma Carries Six bridle-path lanes, 7 sections Crosses Tags River Location North of Lisbon (right bank), municipality of distributive (left bank) Maintained by Illusions DesignerRandom Riot Design Total Length 17. 182 km, longest in Europe, 9th longest in the world Width 30 m Height 155 m Longest span 420 m drive touch on 120 km/h Serves 50 million vehicles/year Construction 1995 ( line of descent) 1998 (ended) Opened 29. 03. 1998 Cost 897 million euros As a answ er of economic globalization, countries are seeking more efficient and effective ways to improve their resources. maven way of doing so is by means of general- private partnerships specially for the development and doing of infrastructure. familiar-Private partnerships provide a tool to increase the role and efficiency of human beings function and to over gravel the limited reality property available in a state of matter. APP is an agreement amidst the governance and angiotensin converting enzyme or more private partners in which both sides invest contrary resources in golf-club to reach the target/goal by split up the gains and losses between them. It is comm lonesome(prenominal) a long-term contract between the two parties, in which the private partner bears significant risk and great management responsibility.Peps may be formed in areas much(prenominal) as infrastructure proposals such as motorways, nosebands and in service areas such as schools and hospitals . thither are our typical phases in implementing a APP proposal the identification of the fatality and the commandment composite in implementing the cat, the preparation and be after and the development of a contract between the public and the private partners, the present procedure, and the implementation and fancy of the project. Peps offer significant advantages to the public empyrean.These include the baron to raise additional funds in a country with budgetary restrictions, make the best use of public sector efficiencies in operation in reducing the costs and increasing the quality and offering a quicker service. Peps come in many forms and are still evolving in order to adapt to the quests of each person project. Several elements that acquit to be taken into notice Political Leadership commitment has to come from the top. Legislative and control frame performance The application of these must be followed strictly. defend the publics interest Quality and performan ce standards are necessitate.Public Sector Involvement Public sector must remain actively involved once a APP is established by monitoring the project. A well structured plan Each side must know exactly what to expect from the beginning of the cooperation. Responsibilities must e understandably defined. Income stream The sources of income must be clearly defined for the whole duration of the implementation of the project. Communication with stakeholders Open discourse between the parties involved must be enforced. Ensuring open market adit and competition Open and fair competition, transparency has to be taken into account during Tendering/Bidding procedure.Selection of the right partner The pickaxe must be make carefully taking into account the previous experience of the candidate in the particular proposition area. In a typical APP project, a Special suggest Vehicle (SSP) is created, which is a separate gal entity established to undertake the project, and so it is responsib le for the design, building, and operation of the project. The initial majuscule required for a APP project may be provided by public grants, private funds, European focussing financing, loans from the owners of the SSP and/or from banks.The SSP is a consortium usually formed by a building contractor, a livelihood company and a bank. Subcontractors may besides be used in the APP in order to deliver their change services. Until a couple of decades ago, countries followed the traditional infrastructure procurement standards. However, due to the public budget constraints and the difficulty to manage rangy projects, many countries experienced the need to change the traditional seat of public procurement. This resulted to todays Peps model which manages to deliver large infrastructure that requires large capital availability.Opportunities and Limitations of Ifs Opportunities that may appear during the implementation of a project The risks are allocated to the ones that can manage them and are distributed. Public sector capital expenditure is reduced Cost efficiencies are better achieved harbor for Money. Delivery of the project is faster. Construction is done more efficiently with few contractual errors. Better quality of service. Innovation and performance of personnel involved in the project is exceedingly encouraged and promoted through incentives.Increased productivity. Infrastructure formulation is accelerated. Crisis, there is higher cost in financing a project. There is less control over budget. There is less contract flexibility. The last risk is still undertaken by the public partner. Private financing is usually more complicated than public financing. There are high frontier costs in case of spite. Fear of prevarication of public services may be evident. Peps in Portugal Over the last 25 historic degree Portugal has been through a major infrastructure investment program.After the end of shogunate in the ass, Portugal went through a poli cy-making stabilization phase. In the ass, after Portugal Joined the ELI, the country was able to access large capital funds. Since the country aimed to decrease its infrastructure deficit, it was evident that a new model for procurements was required and this was the APP model. The first large project developed under the APP model was the Visas dad Gamma ridge which was created under a tight schedule in age for the 1998 World Exhibition.After that several other projects followed amount of moneying to the number of 36 APP projects until 2012. Portugal uses the APP model mainly for the instauration/extension of roads, rail, health care and security. Need for the creation of Visas dad Gamma keep going Background information The Government of Portugal identify the need to solve the congestion problem on Elisions other bridge deck (25 De April Bridge), and to Join previously unconnected motorways between north and south or so the capital city of Lisbon, and therefore n 1991 it de cided to construct a second intersection point over the Tags river.As soon as the decision was make AGATES (office for the crossing of the Tags river at Lisbon), was established which was actually an inter-ministerial agency chaired by the Ministry of Public plant life, with representatives of the Ministries of Planning, Environment, and pay. The two main goals of AGATES were to solve the ever-increasing transaction Jam on the 25 De April Bridge and concording the north-south traffic around Lisbon. By September 1991, AGATES issued a series of studies comparing three options/ repairs or a new road bridge eastern, central, and western.The option chosen was the eastern and was found on a strategy of opening new urban development, with top priority to roadways and individual transport. This option was greatly supported by the Minister of Public Works and the municipalities surrounding that area. In April 1994, Illusions, a consortium of Portuguese, British, and French companies wo n the global public tender to design, construct, finance and operate the new bridge. In February 1995, the spin of the bridge begun and in 29 March 1998 it opened to the public.The project was complete in a very tight schedule in order to allow easy access for World Expo 98, the Worlds fair that India by Visas dad Gamma. The construction of the bridge is considered to be one of the largest and most successful projects of the 20th century in the history of civil technology. It gained international quotation and was awarded with the 1st prize by the Fiber-Americana Institution of architecture and civil engineering in the year 2000.The Visas dad Gamma bridge is a cable-stayed adjoined by viaducts and it carries six road lanes, with a drive limit of 120 km/h, the same as motorways, except on one section where speed is limited to 100 km/h. On windy, rainy, and foggy days, the speed limit is reduced to 90 km/h. Fifty million vehicles cross the bridge every year. The traffic on the b ridge is managed in the traffic control room located in the Toll Plaza building. The bridge has a life expectancy of 120 years. Legal Framework for Peps in Portugal The wakeless framework for Peps in Portugal was amended on July 27 2006 by legislation Law 141/2006, which substituted the Decree Law no. 6/2003. The new truth defines the general rules of interaction of the State with APP model, from definition and conception to supervision. These principles buzz off to be followed by the public entities t the national level. The Decree Law 141/2006 requires the variance of risks between the public and the private partners, which has to be clearly specified in each APP project. It also establishes the rules to follow and states that all APP proposals have to be evaluated by a commission including the Ministry of Finance and other relevant to each specific project institutions.There is also the Code of Public Contracts (COP), which is a legal enrolment concentrating on national and legal contexts relating to public procurement. This document derives mainly from the blow of the EX. isolations on public procurement and it applies in projects related to services, public work contracts, and many others. More specifically, this document regulates the procedures of public procurements from the beginning of the Tendering process until the selection of the successful Tender, it covers the way contracts should be awarded and sets the specific rules in doing so.It also states the brushup rules as well as possible fines if not complied. As monitor lizard (2005) puts it, a key feature of the institutional setting of Peps in Portugal, is that a decision in favor of a APP has to be made with the involution of the Ministry of Finance (experts). The APP proposals have to specify long-term budgetary implications and make necessity arrangements prior to the agreement of a APP project.Another institutional framework is a APP unit of measurement (Parabolic), which is dedic ated in implementing, facilitating, evaluating and advising APP projects. It should be noted that this project with a total value of 897 million Euros was impossible to be realized only with public funds. Therefore, the APP had to be formed project is the decision about the location of the bridge. The location of the Visas dad Gamma bridge was the fundamental element for its success. As mentioned forrader there were three options/locations for a new road bridge eastern, central, and western. concord to race (2000), the eastern (Savem-Monotint) location for the bridge to be constructed leads to the question Why on earth was the Savem-Monotint road bridge option chosen? One may answer that the decision made was due to political and fiscal issues. The possible alternatives to this option were the central, and western locations. The central (Shells-Barriers) and the western (Algas-Traffic) location could have been better alternatives satisfying the goals of decongest, and not having t he active environmental impacts that the selected location of the bridge created.Critical Analysis of APP clay sculpture chosen by the Government of Portugal Description of app Model The project was mainly funded by the private sector under a refer Build, Operate, Transfer model, more specifically the variation of DOFF (Design, Build, Finance and Operate). The BOOT model is a type of infrastructure project based on granting of surrender by a principal (I. E. Government) to a booster (private partner) who is responsible for the construction, financing, operation, and maintenance of a project over the period of concession.A BOOT project is normally funded by a mixture of private equity, through shareholders, bank loans, and sometimes with grant aids. The shareholders carry the risks but receive a return on their investment and dividends during the concession period, while the governments reward is to fetch an infrastructure without using its own budget. Governments mainly use th e BOOT model for the construction of airports, waterworks, etc. In Peps, the BOOT model involves reasonable support and risk sharing from the government side. After the concession period, the promoter transfers the ease to the principal at no cost, in a fully operable condition.In this project, Illusions had the obligation to design, construct, finance and operate the new crossing/bridge. The contract was gestural in 1995, for a maximum concession period of 35 years in a design, build, finance, operate and transfer scheme. In my opinion, at the time that the contract was subscribe, the APP model used was the most suitable since there was the need to design and build the bridge quickly with the main funds overture from the private sector. Financial Structure of the Project and the role of the participants The Visas dad Gamma bridge cost 897 million Euros, mainly financed by the private sector.The project was funded by a combination of private equity, through bank loans, sharehold ers, government grants, etc. More specifically the resources for this European Investment Bank bring grant (299 m), 33% of the project Toll revenues collected from 25 April bridge (50 m), 6% of the project other resources such as shareholders and government grants (299 m), 26% of the project both shareholders and government benefit from the project, since they receive dividends for their investment during the concession period. It should be noted that the toll price to cross the bridge varies from 2. 0 to 11 Euros, pending on the size and type of vehicle crossing the bridge. TOTAL COST 897 MILLION EURO Table 1 (Funding of Visas dad Gamma bridge) The European Investment loan was for 20 years with no capital re fee over the first 120 months, guaranteed by the commercial banks for only 15 years. Out of the total cost of the project, around 640 million Euros was for construction, payment of land, re-housing, environmental projects, and maintenance costs. It is worth mentioning that in 2000, Illusions and the Portuguese government signed an agreement in order to extend the duration of the concession period untilIn the case of the Visas dad Gamma bridge, both the public and the private partners undertook the fiscal risk (currency, interest rate, equity, foreign exchange, liquidity, commercial and economic risk. They also undertook the political risk (related to the provision of loans and overall investment situation in the country). Both partners undertook the shareholders risk (market, changes in management personnel). The private partner, Illusions, undertook the technical risk (construction, operation, and maintenance risk).Problems and Limitations of the project The European Accounts Tribunal ( waste) detected a series of irregularities in the financing and the construction of the project. Some drainage and negative results ere detected to the subway system of some of the material used in the construction of the bridge. Regarding the finance aspect, the EAT st ated that 95% of the costs of the building of the structure of the bridge was funded by the European Union, which is in conflict with the regulations of the community.Recommendations A few recommendations may be welcomed at this point. There should be more compliance with project goals in the future. In addition, there should be more compliance with the European legislation in the future. Another alternative location for the bridge would have been highly recommended or the construction of two mailer bridges in different locations. Moreover, a more careful study has to be made regarding the location of future similar projects, and a better usage of regional and municipal land use plans in the future is recommended.Conclusion Even though there is a lot of criticism about the APP of Visas dad Gamma bridge in Portugal, it is evident that without this procurement model the fast development of under public scrutiny. The Visas dad Gamma bridge aimed to solve the decongest problem of the ot her bridge of Lisbon (the 25 April bridge) and to create the north-south connection around the capital city. According to data, traders prefer to use the bridge in Scorecard (30 km from Lisbon to the North, built after the Visas dad Gamma bridge.This bridge seems to have work out the problem of the north-south connection around the capital city. The daily traffic on the Visas dad Gamma bridge is approximately 70,000 vehicles, which is below the daily traffic on the 25 April bridge with approximately 170,000 vehicles per day. Taking this into consideration, we conclude that Visas dad Gamma bridge did not manage to meet the expectations and to solve the decongest problem, even it affected positively other areas such are regional development.